Chapter 13 Notes
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Biodiversity is the diversity of the species. 4 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of the mass of all living things .
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process in which carbon and oxygen gets absorbed by plants that by the sunlight will release them into CO2 or cabon dioxide ,which is what we breath and release as well.
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
Sugar-molecules. Energy is degraded (that is transformed into a less useful form). Carbohydrates
are the main stage molecule of energy in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Is the process used by plants undersea. Hydrogen Sulfide, is the source of energy.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
It is the synthesis of organic material is measured in grams of carbon bound into carbohydrates per meter of ocean surface are per year.
6:Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
There is more nutrients carried by the currents near them. As well there is a good productivity near the poles for the same reason.
Define the following:
Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food also called producers.
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic pyramid: A model used that describes who eats whom.
Primary consumers: These organisms eat the producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top consumers: The top of the tropic pyramid.
7: In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
the order in where energy is going.
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon ,Nitrogen , Phosphorus and silicon, Iron and trace metals.
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is found in the environment, however if there is so much amount or a little bit of it can be harmful .
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important factors are
Light
Dissolved gases
Temperature
14: What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Some of the factors that affect ocean organism are feeding relationship, Crowding, Metabolic waste and Defense of territory
.
15: Define the following zones: Most of the biological productivity of the ocean occurs in an area near the surface.
Disphotic: Below the euphotic zone lies the disphotic.
Aphotic: Below the disphotic zone lies the aphotic zone , the vast bulk of the ocean where sunlight never reaches.
16: Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion: mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport: transport of substance against a concentration gradient.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
The major zones of the ocean are the light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carolus Linnaeus was one of the first to use the system of natural classification. He developed the classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
21: What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
Biodiversity is the diversity of the species. 4 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of the mass of all living things .
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process in which carbon and oxygen gets absorbed by plants that by the sunlight will release them into CO2 or cabon dioxide ,which is what we breath and release as well.
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
Sugar-molecules. Energy is degraded (that is transformed into a less useful form). Carbohydrates
are the main stage molecule of energy in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Is the process used by plants undersea. Hydrogen Sulfide, is the source of energy.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
It is the synthesis of organic material is measured in grams of carbon bound into carbohydrates per meter of ocean surface are per year.
6:Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
There is more nutrients carried by the currents near them. As well there is a good productivity near the poles for the same reason.
Define the following:
Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food also called producers.
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic pyramid: A model used that describes who eats whom.
Primary consumers: These organisms eat the producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top consumers: The top of the tropic pyramid.
7: In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
the order in where energy is going.
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon ,Nitrogen , Phosphorus and silicon, Iron and trace metals.
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is found in the environment, however if there is so much amount or a little bit of it can be harmful .
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important factors are
Light
Dissolved gases
Temperature
- Acid-base balance
Salinity
Hydrostatic pressure
Dissolved nutrients
14: What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Some of the factors that affect ocean organism are feeding relationship, Crowding, Metabolic waste and Defense of territory
.
15: Define the following zones: Most of the biological productivity of the ocean occurs in an area near the surface.
Disphotic: Below the euphotic zone lies the disphotic.
Aphotic: Below the disphotic zone lies the aphotic zone , the vast bulk of the ocean where sunlight never reaches.
16: Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion: mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport: transport of substance against a concentration gradient.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
The major zones of the ocean are the light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carolus Linnaeus was one of the first to use the system of natural classification. He developed the classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
21: What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.